?自考英語二（下）課文翻譯之unit3

自考英語二（下）課文翻譯之unit3

Unit Three Euthanasia : For and Against

安樂死—贊成和反對

"We mustn't delay any longer ... swallowing is difficult ... and breathing, that's also difficult. Those muscles are weakening too ... we mustn't delay any longer."

“我們不能再拖了 ,, 吞咽困難 ,, 呼吸困難。那部分肌肉也在萎縮 ,, 我們不能再拖了?！?/p>

These were the words of Dutchman Cees van Wendel de Joode asking his doctor to help him die. Affected with a serious disease, van Wendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.

以上是荷蘭人齊思.范.萬德爾，德.尤德請求醫(yī)生幫他結(jié)束自己生命時(shí)說過的話了，患有嚴(yán)重疾病的范. 萬德爾當(dāng)時(shí)已不再能夠清楚地說話了，他知道自己沒有康復(fù)的希望，他的病情正在迅速惡化。

Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands . The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.

范.萬德爾在接受其醫(yī)生給他打最后致命的一針之前的 3 個(gè)月的情況被制作成影片，去年首次在荷蘭電視上播出。此后，該影片被20 個(gè)國家購買，每次播放時(shí)都引起一場全國性的有關(guān)安樂死的大討論。

The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia, although it is not technically legal there. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament two years ago are usually not prosecuted. The guideline s demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering , that there is no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia . In addition to this, a second doctor must confirm that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department.

盡管安樂死在荷蘭并未合法化， 但荷蘭仍然是歐洲惟一允許安樂死的國家。兩年前在荷蘭議會(huì)制定的嚴(yán)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下實(shí)施安樂死的醫(yī)生通常不會(huì)被起訴。這此指導(dǎo)原則要求：病人正在經(jīng)受極度的痛苦; 沒有治愈的機(jī)會(huì); 病人一再提出安樂死的請求。除此之外，還需有另外一位醫(yī)生確認(rèn)是否已達(dá)到安樂死的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而且，必須向警方提出死亡報(bào)告。

Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others? Dr, Wilfred van Oijen, Cees van Wendel's doctor, explains how he looks at the question: "Well, it's not as if I'm planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that case, killing is the worst thing 1 can imagine. But that's entirely different from my work as a doctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they don't suffer too much. That's a very different thing."

是不是應(yīng)該允許醫(yī)生結(jié)束病人的生命呢?齊思.范.萬爾德的醫(yī)生威爾費(fèi)雷德.范.奧仁博上解釋了對這個(gè)問題的看法：“情況并不像我計(jì)劃用機(jī)關(guān)槍屠殺一大群人似的， 倘若那樣， 屠殺是我所能想像到的最壞的事情， 這與我的醫(yī)生職業(yè)風(fēng)馬牛不相及。 我關(guān)懷病人并努力使他們不至于遭受太多的痛苦。這完全是兩碼事?！?/p>

Many people, though, are totally against the practice of euthanasia, Dr. Andrew Ferguson, Chairman of the organization Healthcare Opposed to Euthanasia, says that "in the vast majority of euthanasia cases, what the patient is actually asking for is something else. They may want a health professional to open up communication for them with their loved ones or family — there's nearly always another question behind the question."

然而，許多人完全反對安樂死。 反對安樂死保健組織主席安德魯. 福格森博士說：“在大量安樂死的病例中， 病人實(shí)際所要求的是別的東西。 他們或許是想要保健專業(yè)人員為他們打開與親人或家人開展思想交流的渠道—-可能請求之后另有他求”。

Britain also has a strong tradition of hospices — special hospitals which care only for the dying and their special needs. Cicely Saunders, President of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement, argues that euthanasia doesn't take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying. She is also concerned that allowing euthanasia would undermine the need for care and consideration of a wide range of people: "It's very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled and the dependent to feel that they are burdens, and therefore that they ought to opt out. I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable.

英國對晚期病人收容所的做法有著根深蒂固的傳統(tǒng)。收容所就是指那些關(guān)懷臨終之人和照顧他們特殊需要的專門醫(yī)院。 英國收容所理事會(huì)主席及收容所運(yùn)動(dòng)創(chuàng)始人之一的茜茜莉. 桑德斯認(rèn)為， 安樂死沒有考慮其他關(guān)懷臨終病人的途徑。她還擔(dān)心允許安樂死會(huì)減弱大眾對關(guān)懷和照顧的需求： “當(dāng)前社會(huì)中的那些老年人、殘疾人和受贍養(yǎng)的人很容易感到自已是個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)從而脫離社會(huì)。我認(rèn)為任何法律允許縮短生命的行為都必定使這些人更容易受到傷害”。

Many find this prohibition of an individual's right to die paternalistic. Although they agree that life is important and should be respected, they feel that the quality of life should not be ignored. Dr. van Oijen believes that people have the fundamental right to choose for themselves if they want to die: "What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. And that when people are very ill, we are all afraid of their death. But there are situations where death is a friend. And in those cases, why not?"

許多人認(rèn)為這種禁止個(gè)人生死權(quán)利的做法是家長作風(fēng)。盡管他們同意生命是重要的、應(yīng)該受到尊重，但是他們感到生命的質(zhì)量不應(yīng)該被漠視。范.奧仁博十認(rèn)為人們具有自己選擇生死的基本權(quán)利： “那些反對安樂死的人告訴我的是臨終之人沒有這個(gè)權(quán)利。當(dāng)人們病重的時(shí)候，我們都害怕他們死亡。但是，在某些情況下，死亡是一位朋友。如果這樣，為什么不呢?”

But "why not?" is a question which might cause strong emotion . The film showing Cees van Wendel's death was both moving and sensitive. His doctor was clearly a family friend; his wife had only her husband's interests at heart. Some, however, would argue that it would be dangerous to use this particular example to support the case for euthanasia. Not all patients would receive such a high level of individual care and attention.

然而，“為什么不呢?”是一個(gè)引起強(qiáng)烈感情的問題。展示齊思.范.萬德爾死亡的影片既動(dòng)人又敏感。 他的醫(yī)生顯然是他們家的一位朋友; 他的妻子心中只有她丈夫的利益。 那么，有人就會(huì)爭辯說用這樣一個(gè)特殊的例子來支持安樂死是危險(xiǎn)的，并非所有的病人都會(huì)受到如此高水平的關(guān)懷和照料。

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