?英語詞匯學2015年4月真題試題（00832）

英語詞匯學2015年4月真題試題及答案解析（00832）

英語詞匯學2015年4月真題試題及答案解析（00832），本試卷共51個小題，總共100分。

一、單項選擇題

Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)

1.Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of the basic word stock?

A.All national character.
B.Validity.
C.Stability.
D.Productivity.

2.The following are the translation-loans EXCEPT____.

A.Long time no see.
B.Masterpiece.
C.Mother tongue.
D.Bazaar.

3.The differences between sound and form are NOT due to____.

A.the fact of more phonemes than letters in English
B.stabilization of spelling by printing
C.innovations made by linguists
D.influence of the work of scribes

4.The language used between 450 and____is called Old English.

A.850
B.1150
C.1500
D.1700

5.Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of English new words?

A.The borrowing of Latin words into English.
B.Social, economic and political changes.
C.The influence of other cultures and language.
D.The rapid development of modern science and technology.

6.Which of the following words does NOT belong to the words of Scandinavian origin?

A.Skirt.
B.Skill.
C.Roast.
D.Birth

7.The word “denaturalization” can be broken down into “de-”，“nature”，“-al”，“-ize”，“-ation”, each having meaning of its own. These minimal meaningful units are known as____.

A.morphemes
B.allomorphs
C.root
D.stem

8.Which of the following parts is the root of the word “internationalists”?

A.inter
B.nation
C.-ist
D.-tion

9.Which of the following words is an example of free morphemes?

A.Bored.
B.Teeth.
C.Worker.
D.Wind.

10.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems.
B.Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of the stem.
C.Prefixes only modify the meaning of the stem.
D.The chief function of prefixes is to change meanings of the stems.

11.The word that contains a prefix of degree is____.

A.abnormal
B.misunderstand
C.antiwar
D.overweight

12.“A hot dog” is by no means a dog that is hot, but a typical American sausage in between two pieces of bread.This example illustrates the____features of compounds.

A.phonetic
B.semantic
C.linguistic
D.grammatical

13.“Many” and “much” both have the same concept, but collocate with different words，such as “much time, much money”，but “many books, many people”，not vice versa. This example illustrates____.

A.concept is beyond language
B.concept is the result of human cognition
C.concept is universal to all men alike regardless of culture, race, language and so on
D.even in the same language, the same concept can be expressed in different words

14.When we use the “foot of the mountain”，we are comparing the lower part of the mountain to the foot of a human being. In this sense, the word “foot” conveys____.

A.onomatopoeic motivation
B.morphological motivation
C.semantic motivation
D.etymological motivation

15.The group of words which has the same grammatical meaning is “____”.

A.forget, forgets, forgot
B.tables, men, people
C.sit, sitting, sat
D.fast, quick, quickly

16.Words are arbitrary symbols and are____identities so far as their outer facet — spelling and pronunciation, is concerned.

A.independent
B.reliable
C.stable
D.unsteady

17.From the diachronic point of view, ____ is assumed to be the result of growth and development of the semantic structure of one and same word.

A.homonymy
B.polysemy
C.synonymy
D.hy pony my

18.“Dear” and “deer” are words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning. They are____.

A.perfect homonyms
B.homographs
C.homophones
D.hyponyms

19.Which of the following is NOT one of the types of changes in word-meaning?

A.Extension.
B.Degradation.
C.Elevation.
D.Reduction.

20.When a common word is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is____accordingly such as “the City”，which means the “business centre of London”.

A.generalized
B.narrowed
C.extended
D.elevated

21.The extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in word-meaning include the following EXCEPT____.

A.historical reason
B.psychological reason
C.geographic reason
D.class reason

22.Lexical context refers to the cases in which the meaning of a word is affected and defined by the____.

A.neighbouring words
B.sentence structure
C.cultural background
D.non-linguistic situation

23.When a word with multiple meanings is used in inadequate context, it creates____.

A.irrelevance
B.ambiguity
C.disconnection
D.opposition

24.In the sentence “in spite of fact that the fishermen were wearing sou" westers, the storm was so heavy that they were wet through", the context clue used is____.

A.word structure
B.example
C.definition
D.relevant detail

25.Which of the following is one of the characteristics of idioms?

A.Structural variation.
B.Lexical manipulation.
C.Phonetic unity.
D.Semantic unity.

26.The idiom “tooth and nail” is a(n)____.

A.idiom verbal in nature
B.idiom nominal in nature
C.sentence idiom
D.idiom adverbial in nature

27.The idiom “earn one’s bread” is a____as far as figures of speech are concerned.

A.synecdoche
B.metaphor
C.metonymy
D.personification

28.Webster fs New Dictionary of Synonyms (1978) is a(n)____dictionary.

A.unabridged
B.desk
C.specialized
D.encyclopedic

29.British dictionaries generally use____to mark the pronunciation.

A.British Phonetic Alphabet
B.American Phonetic Alphabet
C.International Phonetic Alphabet
D.Webster’s Phonetic Alphabet

30.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDCE) New Edition (1987) was noted for the following aspects EXCEPT____.

A.its use of extra column
B.its simple and clear definitions
C.its wide coverage of new words, new meanings and new usages
D.its meticulous and complete grammatical information

二、填空題

Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (15%)

11.Words taken over from foreign languages are known as borrowed words or____words.

12.From the historical overview of the English vocabulary, the Norman conquest started a continual flow of____words into English.

13.Free morphemes are____of other morphemes. They have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences.

14.“Exam” is the shortened form of “examination” by back clipping. Then “plane” is used to mean “aeroplane” by____clipping

15.The word meaning is made up of____meaning and grammatical meaning.

16.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages, but when a word is first coined, it is always____.

17.The process by which words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense is called____.

18.The term “trade union” means differently in western countries and in China, which shows that the____context may also affect the word meaning.

19.The variation in the idiom “Jack of all trades” from the original form “Jack of all trades and master of none” is____.

110.As a general Chinese-English dictionary, A Chinese-English Dictionary (Revised Edition) (CED) (1995) is the most____and up-to-date, most elaborately treated one.

三、名詞解釋

Define the following terms. (15%)

21.jargon

22.stem

23.motivation

24.extension

25.metonymy

四、簡答題

Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)

31.Identify the kind and the origin (Latin, Greek, French, Scandinavian or Italian) of the following groups of words.1)thrive, they, egg, ill, die2)status, minimum, arena, species, alibi3)synonym, polysemy, grammar, etymology, syntax4)symphony, piano, trio, tenor, model5)dress, clock, pork, mutton, fry

32.What is acronymy?

33.Explain what is polysemy from the synchronic point of view.

34.What does the underlined word mean in the following sentence and what contextual clue is used?“He was in a mood of complete (euphoria), his happiness being the result of an announcement that he had won the sweep-stakes.”

五、分析題

Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)

41.Explain the difference between back-formation and suffixation.

42.Comment on the following groups of words in terms of types of antonyms: contradictory terms, contrary terms, relative terms.“true — false’’，“big — small”，“husband - wife”