學(xué)位英語語法知識（短語動詞用法）

短語動詞用法及示例：

I.要點

英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體，其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動詞，有的相當(dāng)于不及物動詞，有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特征。英語短語動詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種：

(1)動詞+介詞

常見的有l(wèi)ook for,look after,send for,care about,ask for,laugh at,hear of(from),add to,lead to等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如：

Don't laugh at others.

I didn't care about it.

(2)動詞+副詞

常見的有g(shù)ive up,pick up,think over,find out,hand in,point out等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.

Please don't forget to hand it in.

(3)動詞+副詞+介詞

常見的有l(wèi)ook down upon,go on with,break away from,add up to,catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：

All his money added up to no more than$100.

After a short rest,he went on with his research work.

(4)動詞+名詞+介詞

常見的有take care of,make use of,pay attention to,make fun of等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.

We should make full use of our time.

(5)動詞+形容詞

常見的有l(wèi)eave open,set free,cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：

The prisoners were set free.

He cut it open.

(6)動詞+名詞

常見的有take place,make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如：

This story took place three years ago.

I make friends with a lot of people.

(7)辨析

give away(讓給，暴露)和give up(放棄，停止)

put away(放起，收起)和put out(撲滅)

turn up(出席，放大)和turn on(打開)

keep out(阻止)和keep off(不讓靠近)

make up(編造，補上)和make out(辨認)

take off(脫，起飛)和take out(拿出)

II.例題

例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.

A put away B kept up C given away D laid up

解析：該題正確答案為A。意為"存";keep up意為"繼續(xù)";give away意為"分發(fā)";lay up"貯藏"。例2 Here's my card.Let's keep in ____.

A touch B relation C connection D friendship

解析：該題正確答案為A.keep in touch為短語動詞，意為"保持聯(lián)系"。外語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

例3 ____!There's a train coming.

A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on

解析：該題選A.look out意為"小心"。