Firewalking

A technique for testing the vulnerability of a firewall and mapping the routers of a network that sits behind a firewall. Firewalking is a method of disguising port scans. In practical applications, firewalking is similar to tracerouting and works by sending into the firewall TCP or UDP packets that have a TTL set at one hop greater than the targeted firewall. If the packet makes it through the gateway, it is forwarded to the next hop where the TTL equals zero and elicits a TTL “exceeded in transit” message, at which point the packet is discarded. Using this method, access information on the firewall can be determined if successive probe packets are sent.

Typosquatting

slang. Registering a domain name that is a variation on a popular domain name with the expectation that the site will get traffic off of the popular site because of a user's misspelling of the name. For example, registering the domain names sino.com or yahooo.com in the hopes that someone making a typo will get to that site unexpectedly.

防火墻

一項測試防火墻弱點和繪制防火墻后面網絡上的路由器分布的技術。趟火墻是一種偽裝端口掃描的方法。在實際應用中，趟火墻與路由跟蹤技術類似，工作時把一跳的生存時間字段設定大于目標防火墻的 TCP或UDP包送進防火墻。如果該包通過了網關，它就轉到下一跳，這時生存時間為零并得出生存時間“傳輸超時”的信息，在此情況下該包被廢棄。利用此法，如果發送連續的探測包，就能確定防火墻上的接入信息。

注冊近似域名

(俚語)注冊流行域名的變種，希望如果用戶把該流行網站的名字拼錯時，能從該流行網站拉些流量過來。例如，注冊 sino.com或yahooo.com域名，希望有人打字出錯而意想不到地進入這些網站。

Cybersquatting

Cybersquatting is the act of registering a popular Internet address——usually a company name——with the intent of selling it to its rightful owner.

Inode

Data structures that contain information about files in Unix file systems that are created when a file system is created. Each file has an inode and is identified by an inode number (i-number) in the file system where it resides. inodes provide important information on files such as user and group ownership, access mode (read, write, execute permissions) and type. A file's inode number can be found using the ls -i command, while the ls -l command will retrieve inode information.

(域名)搶注

(域名)搶注是指注冊一個流行的因特網地址(通常是公司的名字)的行為，意圖是把它賣給合法的擁有者。

信息點

這是一種數據結構，它包含了 Unix文件系統中文件的信息，它是在生成系統時生成的。每個文件有一信息點，在其所在的文件系統中，它用信息點編號(i-number)來識別。信息點提供了文件的重要信息，如用戶和用戶組的擁有權、訪問方式(允許讀、寫、還是執行)和類型。文件的信息點編號可以用“ls -i”命令找到，用“ls -l”命令能檢索信息點的信息。

Bloatware

Software that has lots of features and requires considerable disk space and RAM. As the cost of RAM and disk storage has decreased, there has been a growing trend among software developers to disregard the size of applications. Some people refer to this trend as creeping featuritis. If creeping featuritis is the symptom, bloatware is the disease.

Enterprise Search Platforms

ESPs (enterprise search platforms) is the collection of some technologyies, these new, comprehensive bundles of search and integration technologies unlock information tucked away in data stores across the enterprise. The goal of ESPs is deceptively simple: to take fairly simple queries and return the most relevant results possible, all in one place. But under the hood, ESPs aggregate a host of emerging technologies such as autocategorization, entity extraction, and NLP (natural language processing). With an ESP as a foundation, businesses can build customized search applications while automating the process of preparing documents for archiving and indexing.

超大件

擁有大量特色和需要很多磁盤和 RAM空間的軟件。隨著RAM和磁盤存儲設備成本的下降，出現了開發人員不管應用軟件大小的趨勢。有些人稱這種趨勢為爬行特性主義。如果說爬行特性主義是征兆的話，超大件就是疾病。

企業搜索平臺

ESPs(企業搜索平臺)是一組新的、綜合性的搜索和集成技術的總和，它們能把那些深藏在企業內部的數據顯露出來。ESP的目標是讓事情看起來非常簡單: 提交一個簡單的請求，返回一個最可能相關的結果，這些結果集中在一起。但是在簡單的外表背后，ESPs綜合了多種技術，如自動分類、內容抽取和自然語言處理等。以ESP為基礎，企業能定制自己的應用，為文檔的歸檔和索引自動做好準備。

Topic maps

Topic maps are a way to represent knowledge structures and their relationships to information resources. Based on XML, topic maps are related in concept to but more powerful and inclusive than book indexes. Topic maps are a promising approach, still in its infancy.

softlifting

This is the most common form of piracy. Sharing a program with a friend or associate is softlifting. To stop this kind of piracy in businesses and institutions, software publishers offer multi-user licenses, which are cheaper than buying single copies for every machine.

主題圖

主題圖是一種表示知識結構以及它們與信息資源關系的方法。主題圖是基于 XML的，在概念上，它與書籍索引有關，但比后者更強大、更廣泛。主題圖是一種有前途的方法，現尚處于起步階段。

軟 偷

這是最常見的軟件盜版形式。與朋友或同伴分享程序就是軟偷。為了阻止在公司和機構中的這種盜版行為，軟件商提供多用戶許可證，它比為每臺機器購買單用戶拷貝便宜。

啟 示

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Web Services Description

Language(WSDL)

WSDL is an XML-based language used to describe the services a business offers and to provide a way for individuals and other businesses to access those services electronically. WSDL is the cornerstone of UDDI initiative spearheaded by Microsoft, IBM, and Ariba. UDDI is an XML-based registry for businesses worldwide, which enables businesses to list themselves and their services on the Internet. WSDL is the language used to do this.

WSDL is derived from Microsoft's Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) and IBM's Network Accessible Service Specification Language (NASSL). WSDL replaces both NASSL and SOAP as the means of expressing business services in the UDDI registry.

Simple Object Access Protocol(SOAP)

SOAP is a way for a program running in one kind of operating system to communicate with a program in the same or another kind of an operating system by using HTTP and XML as the mechanisms for information exchange. Since Web protocols are installed and available for use by all major operating system platforms, HTTP and XML provide an already at-hand solution to the problem of how programs running under different operating systems in a network can communicate with each other. SOAP specifies exactly how to encode an HTTP header and an XML file so that a program in one computer can call a program in another computer and pass it information. It also specifies how the called program can return a response.

SOAP was developed by Microsoft, DevelopMentor, and Userland Software and has been proposed as a standard interface to the Internet Engineering Task Force. An advantage of SOAP is that program calls are much more likely to get through firewall servers that screen out requests other than those for known applications (through the designated port mechanism). Since HTTP requests are usually allowed through firewalls, programs using SOAP to communicate can be sure that they can communicate with programs anywhere.

Web服務描述語言(WSDL)

WSDL是一種基于XML的語言，用于描述公司提供的服務以及為個人和其他公司用電子的方法訪問這些服務提供的方法。WSDL是微軟、IBM和Ariba公司率先提出