考博英語翻譯句式：并列平行結構

英語常用并列連詞，如and， but， so， yet， for， nor， or， not only…but also， either…or或 neither…nor等連接兩個或幾個同等成分，這種結構稱為并列結構。連接的同等成分可以是兩個或幾個動詞的賓語、兩個或幾個名詞的定語、兩個或幾個介詞短語等。如果并列連詞連接的是兩個或幾個簡單句，則構成一個并列句，使用并列結構可以使文字簡潔，結構緊湊，并避免重復。

1. But the individualist approach， by attacking gender roles， denying the significance of physiological difference， and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal， has often simply treated as irrelevant the family roles important to many women.

分析：句中由by引導的三個并列平行結構表示原因。treated as…結構使用了倒裝結構，因為the family roles后面有修飾成分，故將其置后。

譯文：而個人主義的方法由于攻擊性別角色，否定生理差別的重要性，攻擊現存的家庭體制是不可救藥的父權制，結果把對許多婦女來說非常重要的家庭角色完全視為無關緊要了。

2. There is no complete inventory of positions or people in federal service at this level. The lack may be explained by separate agency statutes and personnel systems， diffusion among so many special services， and the absence of any central point (short of President himself) with jurisdiction over all upper-level personnel of the government.

分析：介詞by 后面的separate…personnel systems， diffusion…special services和the absence of…the government為三個并列成分。表示缺少詳細記載的原因。句中一些詞要轉譯。

譯文：這個級別的聯邦政府官員和職位沒有完整的記載。對此(缺少詳細記載)所做的解釋可能是，各部門的條例和人事制度各不相同，分布的特殊服務部門太多并缺少一個中心機構(總統本人除外)來管理所有的政府高級官員。

3. He refuses to consider sufficiently the wants of the customer， who must buy， not the thing he desires but the thing the English gentleman wants to sell.

分析：動詞consider 后面的賓語是the wants of the customer。 非限定性定語從句who must buy… 修飾the customer，not the thing …but the thing…是并列成分。

4. The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting， classifying， assigning， or promoting students， employees， and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books， magazines， the daily press， and even in Congress.

分析：該句中，to aid in 后面跟了四個并列的動名詞，而四個并列的動名詞后又跟了三個并列的賓語。

譯文：廣泛用來借以對學生、雇員和軍事人員進行選拔、分類、分配任務或提拔的教育或心理方面的標準化測試，最近受到了書報雜志，甚至國會的抨擊。

5. The lack of insistence on personal honor， the surface informality， the disparaging responses to compliments， and willingness to admit mistakes are part of the egalitarian tradition， as are the Americans’ pride in what they have been able to achieve and their criticism of things that fall short of perfection.

分析：該句的主句由四個并列的名詞短語做主語，即The lack of insistence…，the surface informality， the disparaging responses…和willingness to admit mistakes。另外，值得一提的是， as 引導的比較狀語從句使用了倒裝語序。這是為了保持句子平衡。

譯文：美國人一方面對所取得的成就感到自豪，一方面又對未臻完美的事物進行批評，這是其平等主義傳統的一部分;同樣，他們不堅持個人的面子，不拘表面的禮節，對別人的稱贊采取自貶的態度，以及愿意承認錯誤，也是其平等主義傳統的一部分。

6. Green， hilly， with abundant trees， it was a beautiful country， the Virginia-Kentucky border territory——or would have been， except for the mines.

分析：和it was a beautiful country 并列的分句(it) would have been是虛擬語氣，后面省略了a beautiful country。Green， hilly， with abundant trees修飾a beautiful country，放在主句前是為了強調。

7. That is why women remain children their whole life long： never seeing anything but what is quite close to them， clinging to the present moment， taking appearance for reality， and preferring trifles to matters of the first importance.

分析：該句中，四個現在分詞短語構成并列結構，做狀語。對前面的表語從句進行補充說明。

譯文：那就是為什么婦女一生都不成熟：從來都只看見眼前的事情，都只抓住眼前的一刻，都把表面當本質，都傾心于瑣事而放過至關重要的事。

8. But since the consequences of poverty are related to powerlessness， not to the absolute supply of money available to the poor， and since the amount of power purchasable with a given supply of money decreases as a society acquires a larger supply of goods and services， the solution of raising the incomes of the poor is likely， unless accompanied by other measures， to be ineffective in a wealthy society.

分析：該句有兩個并列的由and 連接的原因狀語從句，都是由since引導，available to the poor修飾money， purchasable with a given supply of money修飾the amount of power。主句中的從句unless accompanied by other measures分割了is likely和to be ineffective in a wealthy society。

譯文：但是，既然貧窮與窮人可得到的貨幣絕對供應量無關，而是無權力所造成的，既然用一定量的貨幣所能購買的權力量隨著一個社會獲得的商品和服務量的增加而下降，那么提高窮人收入的解決辦法在一個富裕社會很可能不會奏效，除非同時采取其他的措施。

9. It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it， of not being conscious of health until we are ill.

分析：old story是句子的表語，后面有兩個介詞短語做定語。它們在結構上是相同的，在連詞until后面都有狀語從句。翻譯時也要譯成兩個平行的句子。