2022醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語語法：非謂語動詞

在考博英語中，語法貫穿考博英語考試。但在考試的時候，語法就成為了考生們極易失分的地方，所以今天小編為大家整理了英語語法中非謂語動詞的復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容及方法。詳情如下：

非謂語動詞

在句子中充當除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式:不定式，動名詞，和分詞(分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)。

1)不定式

時態(tài)\語態(tài)　　　 主動　　　　　　被動

一般式　　　　to do　　　　　 to be done

完成式　　　 to have done　　to have been done

2)動名詞

時態(tài)\語態(tài)　　　 主動　　　　　　被動

一般式　　　　doing　　　　　being done

完成式　　　　having done　　having been done

3)分詞

時態(tài)\語態(tài)　　　 主動　　　　　　被動

一般式　　　　doing　　　　　being done

完成式　　　　having done　　having been done

否定形式： not +不定式，　not + 動名詞，　not + 現(xiàn)在分詞

1)動詞不定式——只能接不定式做賓語的動詞有：

decide, hope, learn, manage(打算), offer, prepare, agree, refuse, fail(未), pretend, happen(碰巧), promise, plan(打算，計劃)

a) 測試作賓語時不定式帶補語的結(jié)構(gòu)

這種結(jié)構(gòu)的常用動詞有：find、think、consider、make等，基本句型是： v. + it + adj + to do

[例]Do you consider wise to ignore him

A. it is

B. it to be

C. it as being

D. it

b) 不定式在svoc句型中的應(yīng)用

解題的關(guān)鍵是記住帶不定式作賓語補足語的動詞，如：ask、tell、allow、enable、expect、get、require、request、cause、urge、want、force、order等。

[例]They don’t allow in the library, but they allow people in the restroom.

A. to smoketo smoke B. smokingsmoking C. to smokesmoking D. smokingto smoke

c) 不定式作定語的用法

(1)與其他非謂語形式或謂語形式的區(qū)別

[例]The question tomorrow is whether income tax should be increased.

A. to be debated

B. debates

C. debating

D. debated

(2)介詞的使用

[例]The boy’s father bought him a large toy train .

A. which to play with B. to play with it C. to play with　D. at which to play

d) 不定式的時態(tài)、語態(tài)

不定式完成時表示不定式動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前，不定式被動語態(tài)表示不定式的邏輯主語是其動作的承受者，be soory、be glad、seem或say、find、hear、report等動詞的被動語態(tài)后加不定式完成時態(tài)較為常見。

[例1]The new power station is reported within three years.

A. to have completed

B. to have been　completed

C. having been completed

D. to complete

[例2]Mr. Johnson preferred heavier work to do.

A. to be given

B. to be giving C. to have given

D. having given

e) 不定式作狀語

[例1]The police inspector spoke to the little girl kindlt her.

A. not to frighten

B. in order to not frighten

C. so as not to frighten

D. so not as to frighten

[例2]He moved away from his parents, and missed　them_____ enjoy the exciting life in New York. A. too much to

B. enough to C. very much to

D. much so as to

2)動名詞

a) 只能接動名詞做賓語的動詞有：

miss, mind, enjoy, suggest, practise, persist, quit, admit, appreciate, deny, escape, complete, fulfil, acknowledge, favour, delay, postpone, finish, avoid, prevent, recall, recollect, risk, consider

b) 只能接動名詞的一些常用句型\結(jié)構(gòu)： It’s no good/use/fun (in) doing sth

There is no need/point/use/sense (in) doing sth. be busy/be worth doing sth.

have difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing sth

spend/waste time (in) doing sth can’t help doing sth

confess to, object to, be opposed to, look forward to, contribute to, be used to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, lead to, refer to, equal to, stick to, belong to, thanks to, be accustomed to doing sth

c) 既可接動名詞又可接動詞不定式做賓語的有：

① 接動詞不定式和動名詞作賓語而意義差別不大的動詞：love, like, dislike, hate, begin, start, continue, intend, prefer, propose, etc.

② 可跟動詞不定式和動名詞作賓語但意義有差別的動詞：歧義動詞中已講。

③ need, want, require, deserve + 動名詞/+不定式被動態(tài)，表被動意義。

The pencil needs sharpening.(to be sharpened)

[例1]Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy for her examination.

A. to prepare

B. preparing

C. to be prepared

D. being prepared

[例2]I appreciate to your home.

A. to be invited

B. to have invited

C. having invited

D. being invited

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