2011年中共中央黨?？疾┯⒄Z真題(閱讀)

希賽網(wǎng)為考生們整理了2011年中共中央黨校考博英語閱讀題真題，供考生們備考復習。

The term "folk custom" is very broad, but it has been used by folklorists to refer to those shared patterns of behaviors in a particular folk group. Those patterns of behaviors are regarded as the traditional and established ways of members of the particular folk group. Folk custom is transmitted by Word of mouth, demonstration or imitation. The folklore and folk customs of England are rich and varied. Many customs are ancient, and passed down generation after generation from our Germanic and Celtic ancestors. Others are more modem creations.

One of the greatest problems in assessing most accounts of folk customs is that they tend to give only the antiquary's point of view. After all, to most observers, the people they were looking at were simple and illiterate, unmindful of the true significance of the customs they had preserved. Why question them at length if they didn't understand the essential nature of what they were doing? So a folklorist is likely to emphasize aspects of a tradition which reflect his or her own interests or which fit in with preconceived ideas, while possibly ignoring or giving only passing mention to aspects which may, in fact, be of equal importance.

One aspect which generally gets left out of accounts is the viewpoint of the participants themselves: for instance, why they indulge in a particular activity at a particular time of year or of their lives and what feelings they experience while doing so. And now, ideas deriving from folklore studies ate so -widespread that they may easily have become an integral part of the attitude of the participants in a custom. So the folklorist is rather like a man staring at a scene in a mirror who must be aware, to fully understand that scene, that his own reflection is a major part of what he is looking at.

It is, however, also true to say that many contemporary students of folklore arc fully aware of the problems which beset their enquiries. Like true scientists they draw their conclusions by looking at available evidence, rather-than selecting evidence which fits in with existing theories. Some have also looked away from the "obviously" ancient and turned their attention to folklore where it thrives, in the social life of modern cities, in industry and sport, etc. They may, for example, end up looking at the lore of the motor car, or of popular music, and at customs which, though they have no hints of paganism, nevertheless have much in common with the older activities which do.

Many folklorists have gradually come to the conclusion that folklore is not necessarily a thing of the past, a relic of ancient and outmoded ways of thinking, but the means by which people try to make sense of the world (or to confront its lack of sense) and try to alleviate boredom and suffering.

1.The best title for the passage is probably ( ).

A、Folklore and Folk Customs

B、Problems and Tendency of Folk Customs

C、The Revival of Folk Customs

D、Folklore and Folklorists

2.The early accounts of folk customs are unreliable because ( ).

A、folklorists undervalued the opinions of the participants

B、the participants did not reveal the significance of their customs

C、the participants were not aware of the meaning of their customs

D、folklorists did not consider the participants smart enough to answer the questions

3.The reason why studying folklore is difficult today is that ( ).

A、participants are now influenced by earlier studies of their activities

B、participants insist on the accuracy of their own interpretations

C、folklorists are too concerned to justify their own theories

D、folklorists are often misled by unreliable earlier studies

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