南京大學(xué)考博英語真題

考博英語真題是最佳復(fù)習(xí)資料，是考博學(xué)子常用資料，真題可以快速有效抓住考試的重點和難點。希賽網(wǎng)考博英語為廣大考生搜集整理了南京大學(xué)博士研究生入學(xué)考試英語真題，正在備考的考生快看過來吧。希賽網(wǎng)考博英語真題持續(xù)更新中，請關(guān)注希賽網(wǎng)考博英語頻道。

Part A

Direction: Put the following passages into Chinese．

The recovery of the US economy during the first quarter of this year has been so spectacular that it is creating a new set of risks for financial markets. The great new risks now facing the US economy center on menotary policy and the oil market. The current federal funds interest rate of only 1.75 percent has clearly become unsustainable in view of the economy's resilience. The Federal Reserve will raise interest rates by at least 0.25 percentage points during the second quarter and could increase short term interest rates to at least 3 percent before the autumn-the level they were at before September 11．

Such tightening would probably cause refinancing to slump to about $ 300 billion at annual rates late this year, which would eliminate capital gains as a prop for consumer spending. Rising interest rates could also damp the rally likely to occur in the equity market as corporate profits recover. If investment spending fails to revive, the economy's annual growth rate could slide back to the 2-3 percent．

The oil price is also a big risk, mainly because the Bush administration appears determined to attack Iraq. The probability of war could easily push the oil price back into the $ 35～ $ 40 a barrel range for at least a few months. In effect, that would impose a big new tax on consumer spending and corporate profits. The prospect of monetary tightening and a sharp increase in the oil price suggests that late 2002 and early 2003 could be a period of great volatility for the US economy．

Part B

Direction: Put the following sentences into English．

1．天下極神奇極壯麗極鮮美文字，多在道藏。偶撿一二，眼界遂異。運思運筆，率爾改常世間何高語佛藏，曾不及此。

2．語言時空論是語言學(xué)這門科學(xué)的一個觀點。它以時空差異關(guān)注語言的流變現(xiàn)象，因為語言的流變基本上是由時間和空間延展在強(qiáng)度和性質(zhì)上的差異表現(xiàn)出來的。它尋求以客觀和精確的方式來描寫和揭示語言的基本概念、內(nèi)在關(guān)系以及流變機(jī)理，追索有關(guān)語言的現(xiàn)實知識。它觀察語言流變的原理和規(guī)則，不是為了證明語言是按照某種原理和規(guī)則進(jìn)行流變的，而是為了更好地理解語言的真實。

3．近年以至今后數(shù)年，對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革影響最大的事情，莫過于加入世界貿(mào)易組織。特別是近兩年的各項改革，幾乎無一不是在適應(yīng)世貿(mào)組織的要求，且改革的步伐明顯加快，改革也開始越來越深入到計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)的最核心領(lǐng)域。因而，可以說，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)體制在經(jīng)過了20多年的漸進(jìn)改革之后，終于開始大步邁向市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的軌道了。

4．實驗室工作的惟一任務(wù)就是使學(xué)生養(yǎng)成初步的實驗?zāi)芰?。要達(dá)到這一目的，最好的辦法就是讓學(xué)生在解決簡單的實驗問題中獲得一些經(jīng)驗。

5．一般情況下，本刊按收到投稿的時間先后順序，對每一篇作品按照規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行審閱，然后決定發(fā)表或退稿，同時向作者發(fā)出通知。審閱將在收到作者投稿后2個月內(nèi)完成。如果作者在投稿后3個月內(nèi)未收到錄用通知或退稿信，可自行考慮投寄他刊。

KEY

Part A

今年第一季度美國經(jīng)濟(jì)如此壯觀的復(fù)蘇，正給金融市場帶成一系列新的風(fēng)險。美國經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨的這些巨大的新風(fēng)險集中來自于貨幣政策和石油市場。從經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)力來看，目前只有百分之1.75的聯(lián)邦利率已明顯無法持續(xù)。美聯(lián)儲決定將在第二季度提升利率至少0.25個百分點，并會在秋季前將短期利率提升至3％以上——這也是美在9.11之前的利率水平。

這樣的緊縮政策可能會導(dǎo)致今年年底再集資水平跌至3億／年，這將使資本收益在消費性支出中的支柱作用蕩然無存。利率的提高也將抑制企業(yè)利潤好轉(zhuǎn)下股票市場的回升。如果投資支出沒能復(fù)原，整個經(jīng)濟(jì)的年增長率將回落至2％～3％。

石油價格也是一大風(fēng)險，這主要是因為布什政府表現(xiàn)出來的攻打伊拉克的堅決態(tài)度。戰(zhàn)爭的可能性可以輕而易舉地將油價推回到35—40美元一桶，而且這一持續(xù)就會是幾個月，結(jié)果將是在消費性支出和公司利潤頭上新加了一大筆稅賦。貨幣緊縮政策與油價急劇攀升的前景暗示著2002年底和2003年初可能是美國經(jīng)濟(jì)的一大波動期。

Part B

1．The extremely magical, magnificent and bright characters in the world, mostly hide in the Taoist Scripture. A Glance over it occasionally will enlarge the outlook. A think of it and writing will change the custom, which no other profound Buddha language in the world can be compared to．

2．One opinion in Linguistics is called the time-space theory. It concentrates on the rheology phenomenon of language by studying the time and space difference, because rheology of language appears as a result of the difference on the intensity and nature as time and space extending. It seeks to describe and reveal the basic conception, inherent relation and rheology mechanism of the language in an objective and accurate way, and chase the realistic knowledge about language. It observes the principles and rules of rheology, not to prove that language earries on rheology according to a certain principle and rule, but to have a better understand of the truth of language．

3．The most significant affairs influencing the reform of Chinesee economic system in the past few years and the next few years is no more than the accession to the WTO. Espencially in the past two years, almost every reform is trying to meet the needs of WTO, while the pace of reform is obviously accelerated and the depth of reform is getting more and more closely to the most crucial field of planned economy. Therefore, we can say, China's economy system, after the step-by-step reform in more than 20 years, at last begins to march toward the track of market economy with vigorous strides．

4．The only task of laboratory work is to help students form preliminary experiment ability. And the best way to achieve this purpose is to let students obtain experience from solving of the simple experiment problems．

5．Generally speaking, our publication checks every work following the fixed standard according to the order of its arrival time, then determine to publish or return it and at the same time set a notice to the author. The checking will finish in 2 months after receiving the drafts. The author who does not receive a notice of employing or the letter of returned draft in 3 months after contributing may consider to connect other publications．