2009年上海交通大學(xué)考博英語真題

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Part I Vocabulary(20%)

Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in the part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

1. Without outside              China's advertising cannot really mature and obtain a foothold in the global ads market.

A. prestige    B. consumption   C. pressure  D. controversy

2. Our program is different              it stresses the technical skills that business and industry seek as they incorporate the internet into their enterprise systems.

A. now that   B. in that  C. in case   D. regardless of

3. Educational Service Inc. operates 70 institutes in the United States and they concentrate on providing career-focused degree programs to              28 000 students.

A. considerably    B. approximately       C. preferably  D. ideally

4. When Mr. Johns went shopping at the thrift store, he was looking for a              .

A. bargain B. charge C gain D. purchase

5. Though she isn't British by birth, she is a British citizen by              of her marriage to an Englishman.

A. virtue         B. merit      C. approach    D. relation

6. Last month, Mars and Earth were at the closest points in their              orbits. The distance between the two worlds was 68 million kilometers.

A. identical        B. respective      C. rigid      D. reverse

7. I am disgusted              the way the couple talks about the actress's private life.

A. over          B. for            C. at         D. with

8. The university is now making efforts to make the supply and demand of information more              and to protect students' rights with legal advice.

A.transparent            B.visible         C. applicable D. practical

9. We are to              10,000, 000 computers next year to meet the market requirements.

A. turn in            B. turn out C. turn up D. turn to

10. Novels and short stories from a library's fiction collection are a good              of enjoyable reading practice.

A. exit           B. resource          C. entry            D. source

11. Now that the excitement of celebrating has had a chance to              , it's time to turn the Olympic ideal into reality.

A. cut off          B. carry away       C. turn off         D. wear off

12.              wings for the common man had to await the dawn of the space age to go back to the simplicity of their beginnings.

A. Consequently           B. Regularly            C.Ironically         D. Comprehensively

13. The Chinese language differs              from the English language because of their different writing system and pronunciation.

A.considerably B. consistently C. confidently              D. continually

14. Everyone is trying to              how the fire started.

A. figure out            B. make out               C. turn out             D. clear out

15. Although Washington is the most important city in the United States, it cannot              like New York and Chicago in size and population.

A. match with          B. abide by             C. conform to       D. compete with

16. Helen Keller's work gave comfort and encouragement to other handicapped people who              might have led a hopeless life.

A. therefore          B. thus          C. or        D. otherwise

17. Mr. Smith recently has              tennis to relax himself in spare time.

A. taken up           B. taken in           C. taken on       D. taken over

18. On              feature of supermarket is that it hires fewer clerks, which cut down on the cost of sale.

A. extinct          B. instinct C. distinctive           D. instinctive

19. A good leader knows what are practical questions and also he knows when to              and when to fight.

A. compromise      B. struggle     C. advance      D. flee

20. I haven't read that book, but just from looking over the              , I think it would be worth reading.

A. forefront        B. foreword       C. forehead    D. forename

21. No one really knows who composed this piece of music, but it had been              to Bach.

A. associated            B. identified       C. attributed        D. considered

22. Her written English was wonderful, and she had a( n)              vocabulary for a freshman.

A. credulous         B. incredulous      C. credible      D. incredible

23. In a supermarket, all commodities are open to customers who can select what they need              .

A. with their ease     B. at their ease       C. at their easiness    D. with their easiness

24. People's view on quality education              from individual to individual.

A. changes      B. varies      C. alters        D. transforms

25. I               the justice and fought against corruption at my best.

A. confirmed        B. upheld       C. overwhelmed       D. established

26. So far, the police can only              on the possible motives for the killing.

A. conceive       B. speculate C. assume       D. imagine

27. The love that              takes up residence in the soul and helps complete us.

A. stands       B. bears       C. endure          D. lengthens

28. A sensitive person is one who is easily hurt or              by things that people do or say.

A. offended        B. wounded       C. stimulated      D. motivated

29. According to              sources, the Leaning Tower of Pisa is to be up righted under a restoration plan by the Italian Government.

A. conformed      B. confirmed             C. informed      D. transformed

30. Some people feel there is a great deal of              between religion and science.

A. combat B. fight C. conflict D. battle

31. She              and lowered her head when she couldn't answer the question in the presence of her classmates.

A. refuted         B. defied C. contradicted D. disputed

32. The world economic recession put an              end to the steel market upturn that began in 2002.

A. irregular       B. illegal        C. absurd        D. abrupt

33. It is very kind of you to offer, but any more pudding would simply be              .

A. exceptional B. excessive C. abundant D. ample

34. Most of the civil servants involved in the affair have been successfully              and sentenced.

A. prosecuted      B. propagated     C. persecuted         D. precipitated

35. It is              that makes the female horse to bend down and lick its newborn foal.

A. impulse         B. inspiration       C. incentive      D. instinct

36. This style of cooking is              to South-Eastern provinces.

A. bizarre B.odd C.peculiar D.weird

37. Both sides at the conflict have agreed temporarily to              hostilities.

A. suspend B.reconcile C.compromise D.negotiate

38. This paper will examine relevant theories and research findings concerning listening and second language acquisition and identify conditions that may              listening.

A. elevate       B. facilitate      C. stimulate        D. provoke

39.I can't              my eager when I hear of people being cruel to animals.

B. restrain           B. alleviate         C. deteriorate        D. relieve

40. Plastic sheeting should be wrapped around the tree in winner to              it from the wind and the frost.

A. recover B. shield C. shade D. rescue

Part II Reading Comprehension (30%)

Directions: In this part you are going to read six passages. Each of the passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D decide on the best choice according to the passage you have read, then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage One

73. 5 percent of major U.S. firms report that they record and review their employees' communications and activities on the job. The larger the company, the more likely it is to engage in monitoring and surveillance activities, according to a survey. Broken down by business category, survey respondents in the financial services sector lead the packs when it comes to monitoring their employees e-mail and Internet connections.

Weber says he sees companies go through a "life cycle" with their Internet experience. When they first get connected, companies see a surge of activity and an immediate drop-off in productivity. After about two or three weeks, Internet use levels off, Weber notes. Weber observes that among his clients, he's seeing a trend where employers are letting the life cycle run its course. In other cases, Weber says his clients are capturing the information, but not really doing anything about it. One thing the experts all agree on is that if you use the Internet and provide access to your employees, you should have a policy in place that defines what you deem to be permissible use by employees. Weber believes that no company wants to be in the rote of Big Brother, but still must protect one of its most valuable assets. Nor are employers looking to micro-manage their employees. Many companies are viewing use of the Internet as similar to the phone, and operating with the philosophy that incidental personal use is okay. "But some clients don't see a need to restrict access," he explains. For certain the issues that surround monitoring employee Internet use aren't going to quiet down anything soon, the experts say. "Maybe the simplest solution is to just allow a certain percentage to go to employee use."

41. In monitoring the Internet use of the employees, which of the following take the lead?

A. Computer companies.       B. Telecommunication companies.

C. Financial firms.                 D. Large companies.

42. Which of the following may rightly describe the lifecycle of Internet use

A. A sudden rise in the first 2-3 weeks followed by a sudden drop-off.

B. A gradual increase to the first 2-3 weeks followed by a gradual decrease.

C. A gradual increase to the first 2-3 weeks followed by leveling off.

D. A sudden rise in the first 2-3 weeks followed by leveling off.

43. What can we say about most companies' attitude towards employee Internet use?

A. Supportive. B. Disapproving. C. Tolerant. D. Cautious

44. We know from this passage that experts think                 .

A. the easiest solution is to confine Internet use to certain employees

B. policies should be laid down defining the limit of internet use for employees

C. restrictions on employee Internet use may help increase productivity

D. limiting employee Internet use may do harm to the image of companies

45. Which of the following may serve as the best title?

A. Internet Is Causing Trouble for Employers

B. Managing Employee Use of the Internet.

C. The Controversy over Internet Use.

D. The Negative Side of Internet.

Passage Two

The French education system is very different from the English one in its aims, its organization and its results. The French child too, the raw material of this education is unlike the English child and differences in the raw material may well account for differences in the processes employed.

The French child, boy or girl, gives one the impression of being intellectually more precocious than the product of the chillier English climate. This is encouraged by his upbringing among adults, not in a nursery. English parents readily adapt their conversation to the child's point of view and interest themselves more in his games and childish preoccupation. The English are, as regards national character, younger than the French, or, to put it another way, there is in England no deep division between the life of the child and that of the grown man. The art of talking to children in the kind of language they understand is so much an English art that most of the French children's favorite books are translations from the English.

French parents on the other hand, do their best to develop the child's intelligence as rapidly as possible. They have little patience with childish ideas even if they do not go so far as to look upon childhood as an unfortunate but necessary prelude to adult life. Not that they need to force the child, for he usually lends himself willingly to the process, and enjoys the effect of his unexpectedly clever remarks and unusual sayings and of his bright judgment of men and things. It is not without significance that the French mother instead of appealing to the child's heart by asking him to be good appeals to his reason by asking him to be wise. Reasonableness is looked for early in France, and the age of reason is fixed at seven years.

46. In comparing French and English education the author indicates that                  .

A. a great deal can be learnt by both countries

B. differences should not be looked for only in the methods

C. the French child needs far more training

D. the main differences are in the children

47. The passage suggests that the French child                 .

A. is as he is because of the climate         B. only associates with adults

C. is not treated as a child                        D. is forced to behave like an adult

48. The word "prelude" in the phrase "…,but necessary prelude to adult life" ( in the 2nd sentence of Paragraph 3) probably means               .

A. introductory stage        B. consequent event       C. inevitable result     D. acceptable reason

49. In comparison with French children, English children                  .

A. are less intelligent                                     B. can stand chillier climate

C. receive more care from their parents        D. have shorter childhood

50. French mothers                  .

A. know how to appeal to what is best in their children

B. are the most significant influence in their children's lives

C. their children's unexpectedly clever remarks

D. lack patience in everything

Passage Three

Marriage therapists teach a skill called active listening. Each partner takes a turn listening, then paraphrases what he's heard and validates it. There is, however, a problem. It rarely works. For 80 percent of couples, active listening is too hard. It feels wooden, like emotional gymnastics. Nor does "fighting well predict happy marriages". Even happy couples have screaming matches. Every time you raise a hot-button issue, such as the in-laws or money, does your husband suddenly clam up? More than 80 percent of the time, it's the wife who brings up sticky material issues, while the husband tries to avoid discussing them. This isn't a symptom of a troubled marriage—it's true in most happy marriages.

You'll often hear that staying in a bad marriage is worse for everybody concerned—especially the children—than getting divorced. That may be true if your home is so riddled with hostility that it's like a war zone. But University of Chicago sociologist Linder J. Waite says she has found that 75 percent of couples who rated their marriages as miserable but stayed of married were happy five years later.

We usually think the strongest marriages are those that survive major traumas, such as bankruptcy or an extramarital affair. But frequently, dealing with the little things, those daily annoyances, eat away at a marriage. "Every couple experiences disappointment as initial romance and passion fade and they discover all their differences," says Wolin."He doesn't do enough housework. She is too emotional. He watches too much TV. She's too lenient with the kids. People think these differences as problem, but they're actually opportunities to build marital muscles."

51. Which of the following is NOT true about active listening?

A. Active listening is necessary if you want to "fight well".

B. A majority of couples doesn't practice active listening.

C. Active listening doesn't ensure happy marriages.

D. Active listening has proven to be a little impractical

52. The phrase "clam up" in Line 5 means           .

A. shut up      B. gel up C. back up D. tighten up

53. We know from Paragraph 1 that the author thinks that a happy marriage           .

A. is always full of romance and passion

B. requires the tolerance of the husband

C. may not be free of quarrels and fights

D. excludes the discussion of sticky martial issues

54. What is implied in the passage about divorce in the passage?

A. A bad marriage should end up in divorce to avoid further harm.

B. Divorce is not the best solution to a bad marriage.

C. Most couples get divorced for the sake of their children.

D. Divorce is much better than suffering in a bad marriage.

55. What's the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. Daily annoyances can do harm to marriages.

B. Marriage is not for romance and passion.

C. Surviving major misfortunes help strengthen marriages.

D. Differences are essential for happy marriage.

Passage Four

As many as one in four U. S. workers may be chronically angry on the job, with angry employees also more likely to be bored, have low energy and feel "stuck" in their posts, according to a report Tuesday. Employees are most likely to be angered by a boss or supervisor by a fellow employee or by others in the workplace not being productive, by tight deadlines or by heavy workloads, said Donald Gibson, a professor at the Yale School of Management.

"A turbulent economic environment that has produced, on the one hand, productivity and growth and, on the other, wrenching change and uncertainty, has buffeted the workplace," the report said. "While a majority of employees are responding to these conditions with reports of workplace satisfaction there remain a substantial portion who are dissatisfied, even angry, at work," it added. "Most visibly, anger is linked to workplace aggression, which appears to be increasing: We are weekly confronted with stories of workers taking aggressive, even violent, action particularly against supervisors." The survey found that 25 percent of those contacted said they were at least somewhat angry at work on a continuing basis. Angry employees tend to have less energy and interest in the job, and tend also to be bored, according to Gibson. And angry employees tend to feel"stuck"in the job. The study did not speculate on what percentage of angry workers are likely to resort to violence. It did find that they feel less loyal to an employer. There have been a number of workplace shootings in the United States over the years, most recently rampages in Georgia and Alabama which left 12 dead.

56. What's the meaning of "stuck"in Line 2 Para. 1?

A. Attracted         B. Trapped        C. Puzzled          D. Irritated

57. According to the passage, the angry workers are more likely to do the following EXCEPT         .

A. quit their jobs       B. feel boredom       C. have less loyalty     D. resort to violence

58. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause for anger?

A. Great pressure.                          B. Less motion.

C. Fear and uncertainty.                D. Quarrel with a boss or other employees.

59. What can you infer from the passage?

A. A considerable number of angry workers develop their angel into aggression.

B. The relationship between the worker and the boss is the primary reason for anger at work.

C. Angry workers are more likely to lose their jobs than others as a result.

D. Economic environment might be the root cause for the feeling of anger at work.

60. Which is best fit for the title?

A. The Increasing Violence of Angry Workers.

B. Chronic Anger in U. S. Workplace.

C. The Cause for Angry Workers.

D. The Conflict between Capital and Labor.

Passage Five

Some travelers believe carriers intentionally ground half-filled flights to cut cost, only to fill up later planes. Mysterious cancellations just rub people the wrong way. One passenger complained that an American Airlines gate agent told him he didn't have the foggiest idea why a flight had been cancelled. Wary of lost bags and long waits at check-in and luggage carousel, many passengers try to lug as much carry-on baggage as they can, slowing boarding and increasing the stress on other passengers. Stephanie Mehas, a passenger, said, "Always pack two properly sized carryons," she says, "but many people come banging down the aisle with multiple bags, expecting to jam them all in the overhead bin." This can be dangerous. Falling carry-on bags annually injure thousands of passengers.

As to the present situation, veteran airline observer Robert Poole contends that legislation and industry promises"are stopgaps". Greater regulation will do nothing to spur innovation, and, he notes, between 1998 and 2010, air travel in America will have expended 40 percent to one billion annual passengers, overwhelming our ready strained infrastructure. Unless the system is expended, he predicts customer service will continue its over-all downward trend. The ultimate solution, says Poole, is to complete the" unfinished revolution" that began in 1978 with government deregulation of airline routes and fares. Poole believes that the antiquated, overly bureaucratic air-traffic-control system could be privatized, following the successful model of Nav Canada, which uses high-tech equipment and modern administrative procedure. Another innovation that has shown great promise abroad is smaller, privately owned airports offering point-to-point service using new fuel-efficient jets. More of these airports will relieve the pressure on the big airports, but put pressure on the carriers to improve.

61. The sentence ".. didn't have the foggiest idea" in Line 3 means         .

A. he didn't know                 B. he knew, but couldn't say

C. be vaguely knew              D. he was not in a position to know

62. Too much hand baggage can cause some problems EXCEPT                 .

A. safety problems on board the plane

B. more time in boarding

C. pressure on other passengers

D. disorder on the plane

63. In Poole's view, which of the following will do for a change?

A. Legislation.                  B. Industry commitment.

C. Regulation.                   D. Expansion of the present system.

64. Besides privatization, Poole also puts forward another solution, that is         .

A. more use of jets                                            B. less restriction on routes and fares

C. the adoption of high-tech equipment            D. establishment of secondary airports

65. Which of the following best fits for the title?

A. The Airlines Are in Trouble

B. The Inefficiency of the Airlines

C. Problems and Solutions for the Airlines

D. The System of the Airlines Should Change

Passage Six

Here are two elements in life that Americans do save carefully: time and labor.

Americans are "slaves to nothing but the clock", it has been said. Time is treated as if it were an almost tangible entry. In their language, there are words associated with it; time can be budgeted, saved, wasted, stolen, killed, and cut. Americans also charge for time. It is a precious commodity to them. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run out of a person's hourglass, they cannot be replaced. They want every minute to count.

Since people value time highly, they hate someone else wasting it beyond a certain courtesy point. This affects the matter of patience. In the American system of values, patience is not a high priority. Many of them have what might be called"a short fuse". They begin to splutter and move restlessly about if they feel time is slipping away without some return- be this in terms of pleasure,

work value or rest.

Normally Americans do not assess their visitors in relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talk; much less do they take out for dinner, while they develop a pre-business sense of trust and rapport. Rapport to most of them is less important than performance. They seek out credentials of past performance rather than evaluating a business colleague through social manners. Since they generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, they start talking business very quickly.

Most Americans live in time segments by engagement calendars. These calendars may be divided into intervals as short as fifteen minutes. They often"give"a person two or three (or more) segments of their calendar, but in the business world they almost always have other appointments following hard on the heels of whatever they are doing. Time is therefore always ticking in their inner ear.

66. "Americans are slaves to nothing but the clock." This means                 .

A. Americans values the clock highly.

B. Americans are slaves to anything else rather than the clock.

C. Americans are slaves to the time rather than anything else.

D. Americans are slaves to luxurious clock.

67. It can be inferred from the passage that since Americans value time highly, they                 .

A. hate someone else wasting time

B. are short-tempered

C. are restless

D. hope to gain some return from the passed time

68. According to the passage, Americans evaluate their business colleague based on                 .

A. pre-business sense of trust and intimacy

B. the past performance

C. the social courtesies

D. the prolonged small talk

69. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?

A. Americans have one appointment after another.

B. Between two appointments there might be 150 minutes rest.

C. Americans can always hear the clicking of the clock.

D. Americans agendas are always fully engaged.

70. Which might be the best title of the passage?

A. The Thing Americans Do Save Time

B. Time in Americans' Eyes.

C. Americans' Way to Save Time.

D. Time: A Precious Commodity to Americans.

Part III Close(25 %)

Section A(10%)

Directions: There are 20 blacks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the One that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Up until the age of 18, I read very little. I    71    myself to what was necessary for a secondary-school    72    . I was always busy either playing soccer or falling in love. Then came the day when, as a young columnist, my main    73    was to read. And I got to like it. My head spun! An unknown passion took    74    of me. What happened? For me, it was the    75     of a new state of being in love. I began to take possession of books and to annotate them.     76    I would tell them, in an only slightly    77    way, how much I liked them or didn't. Today, 25 years later, I    78    through my books from those days and it's magic, finding myself face to face with the young man I once was. Sometimes I    79    him. Other times I find him    80    . Certain remarks seem    81    to me now. Others make me happy. I was right about that, I sometimes say to myself. Twenty-five years later I find the    82    trace of my thoughts, my    83    of that time. That's why I never lend out my books. I give   84    the ones of which I have two    85    and the ones I've never read. But the ones I've    86    up cannot    87    : they have become my journals, my    88    .

To let someone read them would be     89    myself up to scrutiny. I would be allowing others to break into me like a    90    breaks into a house.

71. A. contributed     B. defined       C. limited       D. controlled

72. A. paper      B. diploma       C. permit           D. qualification

73.A. interest       B. assignment     C. responsibility   D. right

74.A. advantage    B. hold     C. charge    D. obsession

75.A. intrusion        B. attack     C. invasion    D. raid

76.A. Really      B. But        C. Thus        D. Besides

77.A. distorted         B. twisted        C. contorted    D. zigzagged

78.A. thumb       B. scan       C. finger         D. turn

79.A. enjoy     B. understand       C. receive      D. identify

80.A promising     B. eloquent     C. credible        D. hopeless

81 A interesting     B. exact      C. stupid      D. desperate

82.A. live           B. alive       C. living           C. lively

83.A. sensibilities          B. sentiments       C. senses        D. sensitivities

84.A. out            B. away        C. up           C. in

85.A editions       B. versions          C. copies        D. volumes

86.A. marked       B. drawn     C. written    D. signed

87.A spread          B. circle           C. circulate     D. cycle

88.A. acknowledgements      B. recognitions       C. admissions      D. confessions

89.A. giving          B. turning     C. opening        D. revealing

90.A. guest        B. liar          C. robber              D. burglar

Section B (15%)

Directions: Choose one appropriate word from the following word bank to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 15 in the passage below, Change the word form where necessary. Remember the bank contains some extra words that may not be used in filling any of the blanks. Write the words in their correct forms with the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.

A powerful personal growth tool is the 30-day trial. This is a concept I borrowed from the shareware industry, where you can    91     a trial version of a piece of software and try it out risk-free for 30 days before you're required to buy the    92    version. It's also a great way to develop new    93    , and best of all, it's brain-dead simple. Let's say you want to start a new habit like an exercise program or    94    a bad habit like sucking on cancer sticks. We all know that getting    95    and sticking with the new habit for a few weeks is the hard part. Once you've overcome inertia, it's much easier to keep going. Yet we often psyche ourselves out of getting started by    96    thinking about the change as something    97    before we've even begun. It seems too overwhelming to think about making a big change and    98    with it every day for the rest of your life when you're still habituated to doing the    99    . The more you think about the change as something permanent, the more you    100    where you are. But what if you thought about making the change only    101    say for 30 days—and then you're free to go back to your old habits? That doesn't seem so hard anymore. Exercise daily for just 30 days, then quit, maintain a    102    organized desk for 30 days, then slack off. Read for an hour a day for 30 days, then go back to watching TV.

Could you do it? It still    103    a bit of discipline and commitment, but not nearly so much as making a permanent change. Any    104    deprivation is only temporary. You can    105    down the days to freedom. And for at least 30 days, you'll gain some benefit. It,'s not so bad. You can handle it. It's only one month out of your life.

Part IV Writing(25 %)

Directions: Some people say that the best preparation for life is learning to be cooperative. Others take the opposite view and say that learning to be competitive is the best preparation, Tell which one you agree with and explain why, Please write an essay of about 300 words on this issue. You should give specific reasons and details to support your position. Write the essay on the Answer Sheet only.

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