2015年南京大學(xué)考博英語真題4

Passage 2

The word hospice is hundreds of years old. It comes to us from the time called the Middle Ages in Europe. Religious groups then provided hospice as a place where travelers could stay. Sometimes the groups also offered a place for the sick and the dying. Today the word hospice means more than a place. It means a way of caring for the dying. In the modem sense of the word, it means that, if possible, dying people can receive care at home during their last days； and the health-care workers do not try to lengthen the lives of the dying with modem medical equipment. Instead, care-givers make every effort to control or stop the patient’s pain. It also means that patients get help for their emotional needs in addition to their physical needs.

A British woman Cicely Saunders was the first major activist for hospice care in modem times. Cicely Saunders worked as a nurse in a hospital right after World War II , where she met a man who was dying of cancer. Together they found ideas about the best possible treatment for people who would never get well again. They talked about treatments that would permit patients to discuss their feelings and to take part in activities meaningful to them. They planned a system that would allow dying people to be surrounded by the people and things they loved most. The dying man gave Cicely Saunders enough money to study to become a doctor. By 1967 Dr. Saunders had organized and opened St.

Christopher’s Hospice in London.

In 1974, after the America’s first hospice started in New Haven, others followed suit in cities throughout the country. Organizers had a difficult job. They had to teach the public about the idea of hospice. They had to get money from companies, religious groups and citizens. And they had to negotiate with local governments to use public money to care for the dying. Thanks to their unyielding determination and painstaking efforts, hospice has grown in America. Dr. Jo Magno, the President of the National Hospice Organization, said that working with the dying occasionally made her sad. Yet she remembers the words of Dr. Cicely Saunders一 “ We can not add days to life, but we can add life to days. ”

41. What is the original meaning the word “hospice”？

A. It was a place where the homeless old people were taken care of.

B. It was a place where religious people lived.

C. It was a place offered by churches for the travelers.

D. It was a place where doctors treated patients.

42. In the modern sense of the word, hospice includes all of the following EXCEPT

A. a priest is invited to pray for the dying.

B. a dying patient is taken care of at his home.

C. efforts are made to reduce the pain of the dying people.

D. the psychological needs of the dying are considered and cared for.

43. What did Cicely and the man talk about?

A. How to advise the hospital to treat the dying patients.

B. How to make arrangement for the patients who had no hope of recovery.

C. The meaningful activities for all patients to take part in.

D. The kind of people that are allowed to visit the patients.

44. How did Cicely Saunders complete her study?

A. By working part-time.

B. Be obtaining a fellowship.

C. With the help of a man’s money.

D. Through her management of St. Christopher’s Hospice.

45. Which is a correct statement about the early American hospice?

A. It was an immediate success as a result of the effort by Dr. Cicely.

B. It was probably not easy to persuade companies to provide financial support.

C. Many people readily accepted the new idea.

D. Local governments forbade what they did.

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